Meanwhile, SZ may improve NAFLD through targeting AKT, TNF-α, AP-1, and caspase-3, and regulating pathways enriched in insulin resistance, TNF-α, apoptosis, T2DM, etc. These findings should be further clarified through in vivo and in vitro experiments in the future. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.