TNF and peroxisome biogenesis disorder: It was discovered that ZSD could effectively attenuate MSU crystal-mediated GA in rats via lowered production of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NOD-like receptor proteins (NLRP1 and NLRP6) and elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities [12].