In terms of efficacy, both autologous- [157, 158, 161–164] and allogeneic- [155, 156, 165–168] derived MSCs accomplished the major secondary endpoints, as effective in changing metabolic hallmarks of DM, such as C-peptide synthesis and reducing exogenous insulin requirement, FBG, and HbA1c, as described in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.