The first notable clinical STING agonist, vadimezan, was shown to stimulate mouse STING and boost antitumor immunity in preclinical studies; however, vadimezan cannot bind human STING and thereby failed to improve antitumor efficacy in a randomized phase III trial conducted in patients with advanced NSCLC (Lara et al., 2011; Conlon et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene STING1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.