The combination of APX005M with cabiralizumab, an anti-CSF1 receptor antagonist, with and without nivolumab (NCT03502330) in patients with melanoma, NSCLC, or renal cell carcinoma whose treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 had failed (i.e., in order to overcome anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy resistance) is being investigated in a phase I study. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.