Pro-angiogenic PlGF mRNA expression is decreased in GDM (p = 0.03, 1.8 Fold Decrease), GDM-PE (p < 0.01, 7.1 Fold Decrease) and PE (p = 0.05, 1.5 Fold Decrease) relative to CTRL placentae (Fig. 2a). Here, PGF is linked to gestational diabetes.