INS and Insulin resistance: In particular, individuals with a lower polygenic score for T2DM showed more favourable responses to low-protein diets, including greater decreases in fasting insulin, HbA1c, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and a lesser increase in and homeostatic model assessment for β-cell (HOMA-B) function, than did individuals with a higher risk score within 2 years of follow-up [38].