This type I IFN up-regulation was also consistent with the up-regulation of several interferon-stimulated genes, in the HsEUR cell line, such as MX1, MX2, IFIT1, IFI6, and OAS3. In contrast, some genes important in IL-17, NF-kappa B, NOD-like receptor and TNF signaling pathways were not up-regulated in the host cell with African ancestry upon infection, which preferentially stimulated genes involved in phagocytosis and endocytosis. Here, TNF is linked to infection.