Dystrophin gene mutations have been mapped and published in peer reviewed journals in at least nine cDMD dog breeds with point mutations (Cavalier King Charles spaniel muscular dystrophy dogs, golden retriever muscular dystrophy dogs, Rottweiler muscular dystrophy dogs), deletion mutations (Cocker spaniel, Tibetan terrier, German shorthaired pointer), or repetitive element insertions (Pembroke Welsh corgi, Labrador retriever) (Kornegay et al., 2012; Schatzberg et al., 1999; Sharp et al., 1992; Smith et al., 2007, 2011; Walmsley et al., 2010; Winand et al., 1994). Here, DMD is linked to muscular dystrophy.