CKD is closely related to inflammation, hyperglycaemia, etc. It has been found that under stimulation with the inflammatory mediator TNF‐α, ECs can secrete BMP‐2 and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) with high calcium and BMP‐2 concentrations and induce osteogenic differentiation and calcification in VSMCs, which are similar to the effects produced with EMPs obtained from patients with CKD65 and senescence‐related ECs.65, 66. Here, BMP2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.