The CO for GFAP+CD16+ monocytes as established in glioma patients was applied to AIS patients and could clearly discriminate between large (>100 cm3) and small infarct sizes within the first 8 h upon arrival at the ER, which is in contrast to other serum biomarkers, which take 48 h to become detectable (Wunderlich et al., 2006). The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is central nervous system cancer.