PSMB6 and Liver abscess: Therefore, the two main objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the efficacy of feeding a customized immunoglobulin-Y complex, developed to specifically target F. necrophorum and T. pyogenes, in place of tylosin phosphate for the control of liver abscesses, and (2) conduct a preliminary investigation of the effects of the estimated liver abscess duration on feeding performance and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers to be considered among the established literature of comparative liver abscess research.