SOD1 and congestive heart failure: The CHF patients' serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly higher (5.1 ± 1.1 vs. 3.4 ± 0.7 μmol/L, p < 0.01) (Fig. 1A) and their serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower compared to the control group (9.2 ± 7.1 vs. 29.4 ± 9.7 units/L, p < 0.01) (Fig. 1B), indicating both increased lipid peroxidation products and reduced antioxidant capacity in the CHF patients.