As shown (Fig. 2C, Supplemental Fig. 6), subcutaneous inoculation of cancer cells stably transfected with a G-CSF-expressing vector (ME180-GCSF or Ishikawa-G-CSF) resulted in significantly increased BM FDG-uptake, which was in clear contrast to rats inoculated with ME180 cells stably transfected with a control vector (ME180-control or Ishikawa-control). Here, CSF3 is linked to cancer.