Serum ficolin-3 levels (ng/mL) were significantly increased in RF patients with and without RHD (18665 (1535–19640)) and (17965 (17420–19503)) respectively Vs controls (8490 (7695–8955)), while there was no significant difference between RF with and without RHD as shown by Fig. 1. This evidence concerns the gene FCN3 and rheumatic heart disease.