MEFV and familial Mediterranean fever: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations (OMIM: 249100) and by heterozygous mutations (OMIM: 134610) in MEFV; these mutations were identified by the International and French FMF consortium who in 1997 identified them in a 115-kb FMF candidate interval on chromosome 16p [41,42].