TNFSF11 and neoplasm: Additionally, tumor specimens showed upregulated expression of bone-related-factors such as osterix (control = 0.47 ± 0.14 vs. tumor = 3.52 ± 0.74 arbitrary units (a.u.)) and RANKL (control = 0.0016 ± 0.0004 vs. tumor = 0.0233 ± 0.0104 a.u.)compared to control samples.