Among these novel PC genes, HAGHL, MXD3, and PRR7 are upregulated relative to IQGAP1 downregulation; all three genes are upregulated in primary PC compared to normal prostate tissues and metastatic PCs compared to primary PC; and HAGHL and PRR7 are also over-expressed in PC with high relapse risk compared to those with low relapse risk. Here, IQGAP1 is linked to pachyonychia congenita.