TNF and COVID-19: Cytokines and chemokines found to be elevated in COVID-19 patients include (IL)-2, IL-2Ra, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as IFN-γ inducible protein (IP-10) [3,4,30].