On the other hand, moDC TLR8 signaling leads to an increase in the secretion of C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-8 and IL-12p40, [58] some of which are yet to be characterized in in vitro infections of moDC. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.