TLR3 and infection: Interestingly, LF treatment also resulted in the upregulation of TLRs involved in RNA virus recognition such as TLR3 and TLR7. This is of special interest in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, since TLR7 has been implicated as an important pattern recognition receptor in the recognition of ssRNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) in murine infection models, making it a likely candidate to function as a central pattern recognition receptor of SARS-CoV-2 [43,44].