VEGFA and lip and oral cavity carcinoma: GLY extracts suppressed the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by inhibiting MMP-2 and -9 [24] and inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) [25], and further suppressed TNF-α expression in human oral cancer cells through ERK and NF-κB pathway [22], suggesting that GLY extracts have an anti-inflammatory reaction and inhibitory action of tissue destruction.