GDF15 and acute myeloid leukemia: The Shi group also found that leukemic cells can produce growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which remodels the residual BMAds into small adipocytes and is associated with a poor prognosis in AML patients, and that transforming growth factor-β type II receptor (TGFβRII) is the main receptor for GDF15 on BMAds [71].