Furthermore, Gal-9 treatment reduced renal infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in anti-GBM GN and ameliorated renal injury (Zhang et al. 2014), indicating that in addition to PD-1/PD-L1, other co-inhibitory pathways may also regulate crescentic GN. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is ganglioneuroma.