TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Furthermore, by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB in macrophages and lymphocytes, it can reduce the level of nitric oxide as well as those of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and TNF in pulmonary fibrosis to protect against oxidative damage [11, 17–19].