Several clinical trials in neonatology using a high dose of recombinant human EPO given in the first days of life (from 500 to 5000 IU/kg, i.p., to pass the blood brain barrier) have shown that EPO cannot only reduce acute injury but represents a promising tool for long-lasting prevention of trauma-induced developmental delay, as well as cognitive and neurobehavioral dysfunction (Sirén et al., 2009; Natalucci et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene EPO and Global developmental delay.