TNF and urinary bladder cancer: In summary, these genes were enriched in multiple pathways known to contribute to the tumorigenesis and progression of BC, such as the HIF-1 signaling pathway (hsa04066), bladder cancer pathway (hsa05219), apoptosis pathway (hsa04210), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway (hsa04668), p53 signaling pathway (hsa04115), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway (hsa04010), and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (hsa04151).