MTOR and skin cancer: For instance, Apigenin has a preventive effect on UV-induced skin cancer by apigenin-induced autophagy through stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or inhibiting protein kinase B (AKT) activation in keratinocytes (both human and mouse keratinocyte cell lines and primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes) to inhibit UV-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation [6,7].