Blocking the PD-1 and CTL-4 axes with specific antibodies (like the anti-PD-1 molecules nivolumab, pembrolizumab and the emerging cemiplimab, the anti-PD-L1 antibodies atezolizumab and durvalumab, and the anti-CTL-4 antibody ipilimumab) exhibits durable beneficial effects for patients with NSCLC, with or without KRAS mutations [64,65,66,67,86,87]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.