IGHE and gastroesophageal reflux disease: In a recent study 50 infants with persisting crying, vomiting and/or food refusal attributed to CMA and/or GERD were extensively investigated including atopy patch test for CM, milk specific serum IgE antibodies, 48 h cry-fuss diary, I-GERQ-R questionnaire, blinded milk elimination-challenge sequence, 24h pH-impedance monitoring before and after CM elimination, 13C-octanoate breath testing for gastric emptying, dual-sugar intestinal permeability, fecal calprotectin and serum vitamin D level, Fourteen infants (28%) were finally diagnosed as CMA.