As we have demonstrated that knockout of Gγ9 and PI3Kγ markedly suppresses prostate cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, these data, together with previous studies showing the roles of Gβγ in prostate cancer progression (50, 51), imply that Golgi-localized Gβγ, as well as PI3Kγ, may be important targets for prostate cancer therapy. This evidence concerns the gene CFB and Familial prostate cancer.