Upregulation of KLF5 significantly increases the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, TNF-α, and CD38, accelerating the activation and infiltration of macrophages, leading to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (Wang et al., 2019b) and intracranial aneurysms (Zhang et al., 2018). The gene discussed is KLF5; the disease is atherosclerosis.