Aberrant DNA methylation that exhibited monocyte-specific associations with gout was observed at nine sites (cg22626579, cg10314750, cg03795507, cg10257063, cg16975613, cg16630982, cg12182452, cg17151991, and cg26375855) that mapped to eight genes (PRKCZ, CIDEC, VDAC1, CPT1A, BIRC2, BRCA1, STK11 and NLRP12); however, methylation at these sites was not associated with gout comorbidities or hyperuricemia (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene VDAC1 and hyperuricemia.