Ex vivo/in vitro studies include a report showing that nabiximols dose-dependently reduces TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 release in cultured PBMC from both healthy subjects and from MS patients, ether untreated and treated with nabiximols for pain and spasticity (Sorosina et al. 2018), as well as an investigation showing that CBD in the μM concentration range suppressed proliferation, decreased TNF-α-, IFN-γ-, and IL-17A-expressing CD3+ T cells as well as IL-2- and GM-CSF-expressing CD3+ T cells more effectively in cells from MS patients than from healthy subjects (Zgair et al. 2017). Here, IL2 is linked to myeloid sarcoma.