MBT strips comprising six test lines (biomarkers) with their respective flow control lines were produced using the sequence of biomarkers as indicated in Figure 1A. For this study, a predefined five-biomarker signature for leprosy (αPGL-I IgM, IP-10, CRP, S100A12, and ApoA1 (van Hooij et al., 2019)) was incorporated in the MBT strip format. Here, S100A12 is linked to leprosy.