In recent years, the most worth mentioning is that HNSCC has made a breakthrough in immunotherapy, especially in the discovery of inhibitors of the immune pathway-related checkpoint, such as antiprogrammed death 1 (anti-PD1) and anti-CTLA4, which have important effects on the treatment of locally advanced metastatic HNSCC [13–15]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.