For instance, viral infection can induce C-terminal phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), a member of the interferon regulatory factor family, to form a dimer and shift to the nucleus, where it combines with other transcription factors such as CBP/p300 to induce the expression of IFN-α/β and IFN-stimulated genes (Tanaka and Chen, 2012; Cui et al., 2014). Here, IRF3 is linked to viral infectious disease.