KLK3 and cancer: In current clinical practice, the cancer detection rate (CDR) of a first extended prostate biopsy (PBx) prompted by an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and/or an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) is around 40%, dropping to approximately 25% in the setting of screening programs, i.e. patients with serum PSA between 2.5 and 10 ng/ml (1, 2).