CD19 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: A molecular signature for exhaustion was defined for mouse upon chronic viral infection,12 and has also subsequently proved to be informative in patients with autoimmune diseases13 as well as in the response of CML patients to treatment with anti-CD19 autologous CAR-T cells.14 We used this molecular signature to evaluate the exhaustion state of cells in our dataset by scoring all single-cell transcriptomes from the final products in our study against these genes (Figure 5(b), Supplementary Table 7 and methods).