In our previous study, we showed dramatic changes of TLR2 and TLR4, and production of IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the spleen were regulated by TLR4 as demonstrated in a murine model of clonorchiasis using TLR4 defective mice (25). The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is clonorchiasis.