The protein expressions of POSTN, α-SMA, CTGF, and TGF-β were increased by 5.6-, 2.5-, 2.4-, and 2.2-fold, respectively, in the TAC group compared with the Sham group (Figures 1(k) and 1(l)). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and persistent truncus arteriosus.