found that a key role of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron or Bacteroides fragilis restores response to the anti–CTLA-4 therapy associated with T-helper 1 immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes and maturation of intratumoral DCs, activation of effector CD4+ T cells and TILs elicited by CTLA-4 blockade was considerably dampened in germ-free or antibiotics mice, otherwise, the intestinal reconstitution of antibiotic-treated mice with Bacteroides and Burkholderia genres could restore the CTLA-4 blockade-mediated anticancer responses (161). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.