However, in a kindred with a novel ATP1A3 variant causing generalized dystonia and paroxysmal dystonic attacks, bilateral GPi-DBS resulted in a remission of paroxysmal episodes and an improvement of interictal dystonia in one family member (91), suggesting that the response to DBS in ATP1A3-related dystonia is not uniformly poor but instead variable. This evidence concerns the gene ATP1A3 and Dystonia.