As in ALI, treatment with a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 at a lower dose (3.0 mL/kg of body weight) than the dose used in our study, increases TNF-alpha, IL-1b, and IL-18 levels in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum 4 h post-treatment (de Souza Machado et al., 2015), while CCl4 chronic treatment results in an upregulation of IL-1β and TGF-β1 mRNA levels in mouse cerebral cortex (Baek et al., 2020). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.