TNF and Sepsis: Concentrations of TNF-α were 7.9 (7.9–13.0) pg/ml in plasma and 7.9 (7.9–8.1) pg/ml in PF in the group negative for sepsis, 7.9 (6.7–7.9) pg/ml in plasma and 7.9 (6.7–10.5) pg/ml in PF in the questionable group, and 8.9 (7.9–32.3) pg/ml in plasma and 22.1 (7.9–34.2) pg/ml in PF in horses tested positive for sepsis.