TNF and Insulin resistance: Interestingly, liver MCP1 (a marker of pro-inflammatory macrophages, but also produced by hepatocytes [76]) mRNA was also significantly increased which can contribute to inflammation and insulin resistance [76–79], and hepatic TNF mRNA, an inflammatory cytokine can be produced by MI macrophages and hepatocytes [76] that can potentiate insulin resistance [80–82], was also numerically (but not significantly) elevated.