In support, Kuske et al. reported several published studies that show oncogene-targeted therapies in melanoma and breast cancer can affect the immune tumor microenvironment, where MEK or BRAF inhibitors resulted in production of immune stimulatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL12) capable of recruiting and activating anti-tumorigenic T cells, or by reducing immunosuppressive cytokines (IL6 and CCL2) that keep pro-tumorigenic cell types, such as MDSCs, at bay [55]. Here, TNF is linked to melanoma.