Further, in-depth analysis of TCGA-PRAD data revealed significantly higher gene expression profiles for SLC12A2 (P = 0.025), DDAH1 (P < 0.0001), NDRG1 (P = 0.0013), APOE (P < 0.0001), YWHAZ (P = 0.0385), and GDF15 (P < 0.0001), in PCa tumor tissue compared with non-tumoral adjacent tissue (Fig. 2b). Here, APOE is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.