CASP3 and infection: To verify the specific caspases and substrate involved in EV-A71 infection, we pre-treated the cells with a pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK, 50 μM), a selective caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK, 100 μM), and a specific caspase-6 inhibitor (Ac-VEID-CMK, 100 μM), respectively, followed by EV-A71 infection.