CD8A and neoplasm: Because we previously reported that PD-L1 expression by GC cells correlates significantly with the presence of CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment and with expression of IFN-γ9,10, we first decided to investigate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and the presence of CD8 T cells using histological evaluation focusing on in EBV (+) GC (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. S2).