Next, we validated these MSC-induced recovery patterns caused by MCT for the following representative components in the PAH or inflammation pathways by qRT-PCR analysis: (1) Ptgis and Adcy2 in the prostacyclin pathway; (2) Gucy1a3 in the NO pathway; (3) Agt in the endothelin pathway; (4) Calml4 in the Ca2+ signaling pathway; and (5) Ccl21, Gdf15, Kng2, F2, and F5 in inflammation pathways (Fig. 6b). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.