To investigate whether hUMSC-Exosomal miR-146a-5p exerts neuroprotective effects in the ischemic mouse brain via IRAK1/TRAF6 signaling pathway modulation, both wild-type and miR-146a-5p knockdown hUMSC-Exos were administered in a murine ischemic stroke model. Here, TRAF6 is linked to ischemic stroke.